牛津小学英语语法整理(转贴)
动词是动作或状态的词,分四类1、be动词,具体包括am,is,are,它在句子中表示存在、判断等作用。
举例:
Heishere.(他在这儿). is表示存在.
Sheisateacher.(她是一名教师). is表示判断.
2、行为动词,表示具体的动作。比如,play ,come,visit
举例:
Sheplaystheviolineveryday.
Wevisitedthezoolastsunday.注意人称、时态、单复数
3、助动词,本身没有意义,和其他行为动词参与构成句子,表示时态等关系,具体包括do(does,did),be(am,is,are),用于一般疑问句。
举例:
Doyouplaytheviolineveryday?
Doessheplaytheviolineveryday?
Didyouplaytheviolinlastsunday?
4、情态动词,表示说话人能否、意愿等情态,具体包括can,may,must,would
举例:
IcanspeakEnglish.
Youmaycomein.
Youmustfinishthehomework.
(二)be动词,行为动词,情态动词所构成的陈述句、否定句、一般疑问句的特点。
1、be动词一般现在时的陈述句、否定句、一般疑问句
(1)
Iam Weare
Youare(not)astudent. Youare(not)students.
Heis Theyare
Sheis
Itis(not)acock.. Theyare(not)cocks.
(2)
AmI...?
Yes,youare.
No,youaren't. Areyou...?
Yes,Iam.
No,I'mnot. Ishe(she,it)...?
Yes,he(she,it)is.
No,he(she,it)isn't.
Arewe...?
Yes,we(you)are.
No,we(you)aren't. Areyou...?
Yes,weare.
No,wearen't. Arethey...?
Yes,theyare.
No,theyaren't.
2、be动词一般一般过去时的陈述句、否定句、一般疑问句
(1)
Iwas Wewere
Youwere(not)astudent. Youwere(not)students.
Hewas Theywere
Shewas
Itwas(not)acock.. Theywere(not)cocks.
(2)
WasI...?
Yes,youwere.
No,youweren't. Wereyou...?
Yes,Iwas.
No,Iwasn't. Washe(she,it)...?
Yes,he(she,it)was.
No,he(she,it)wasn't.
Werewe...?
Yes,we(you)were.
No,we(you)weren't. Wereyou...?
Yes,wewere.
No,weweren't. Werethey...?
Yes,theywere.
No,theyweren't.
3、行为动词一般现在时的陈述句、否定句、一般疑问句
(1)人称的分类:
第一人称:单数——我,I
复数——我们,we
第二人称:单数——你,you
复数——你们,you
第三人称:单数——他(她,它),he (she,it)
复数——他们(她们,它们),they
一般现在时的提示标志:often,usually,everyday,sometimes...
(2)第一人称全部、第二人称全部、第三人称复数在行为动词一般现在时的陈述句中用动词原形。
举例:
I play Weplay
You play theviolineveryday. Youplaytheviolineveryday.
Theyplay
(3)仅第三人称单数在行为动词一般现在时的陈述句中动词形式要改变,一般在动词末尾加s (特殊的加 es或将"y"改成"i"加es)
具体见表格:
一般的动词结尾加s like
read
play likes
reads
plays
以字母o,s,ch,sh等结尾的动词加es do
watch
brush does
watches
brushes
以辅音字母加 y结尾的动词,先把y变i,再加es study
carry studies
carries 第三人称单数时,动词形式的几种变化:
He(She) playstheviolineveryday.
He(She) watchescartoonseveryday.
Heusually doeshishomework afterschool.
He(She) carriesthefoodeveryday.
Iteats afisheverymorning
(4)借助于do和 not 将第一人称全部、第二人称全部、第三人称复数的行为动词构成的一般现在时的陈述句改为否定句。
I don'tplay
You don'tplaytheviolin everyday.
Wedon'tplay
Youdon'tplay theviolineveryday.
Theydon'tplay
(5)借助于does和 not 将第三人称单数的行为动词构成的一般现在时的陈述句改为否定句。需注意的是改后的否定句要用动词原形。
举例:
He(She) doesn'tplay theviolineveryday.
He(She) doesn'twatchcartoonseveryday.
Heusually doesn'tdohishomework afterschool.
He(She)doesn't carrythefoodeveryday.
(6)借助于do 将第一人称全部、第二人称全部、第三人称复数的行为动词构成的一般现在时的陈述句改为一般疑问句。
DoI
Doyou
Dowe playtheviolineveryday?
Doyou
Dothey
肯定回答和否定回答见下表:
DoIplay?
Yes,youdo.
No,youdon't. Doyouplay?
Yes,Ido.
No,Idon't. Doeshe(she,it)play?
Yes,he(she,it)does.
No, he(she,it)doesn't.
Doweplay?
Yes,we(you)do.
No,we(you)don't. Doyouplay?
Yes,wedo.
No,wedon't. Dotheyplay?
Yes,theydo.
No,theydon't.
(7)借助于does 将第三人称单数的行为动词构成的一般现在时的陈述句改为一般疑问句。需注意的是改后的一般疑问句要用动词原形。
举例:
Doeshe(she) play theviolineveryday?
Doeshe(she) watch cartoonseveryday?
Doesheusually dohishomework afterschool?
Doeshe(she) carry thefoodeveryday? 4、行为动词一般过去时的陈述句、否定句、一般疑问句
特殊说明:行为动词一般过去时不需考虑人称问题。
一般过去时的提示标志:yesterday,last year,a moment ago,just now,in 1965...
(1)行为动词一般过去时的陈述句,一般在行为动词结尾加ed(特殊的双写最后一个字母加ed ,或将y改成i加ed,或不定式)
动词过去式的构成
一般的动词结尾加ed ask
help
play asked
helped
played
结尾是e的词,只要加d like
dance
love liked
danced
loved
以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,先双写最后一个辅音字母,再加ed stop
stopped
以辅音字母加 y结尾的动词,先把y变i,再加ed study
carry studied
carried
不规则动词:
am(is)——was are——were come——came do——didget——got go——went have——had make——made
run——ran say——said see——saw tell——told
take——took
举例:
I
Youvisitedthezoo lastsunday.
He(She)
It playedaballoon.
We
You visitedthezoolastsunday.
They
Theyplayedaballoon.
(2)借助于did和 not 将行为动词构成的一般过去时的陈述句改为否定句。需注意的是改后的否定句要用动词原形。
I
You didn'tvisitthezoolastsunday.
He(She)
Itdidn'tplayaballoon.
We
You didn'tvisitthezoolastsunday.
They
Theydidn't playaballoon.
(3)借助于did 将行为动词构成的一般过去时的陈述句改为一般疑问句。需注意的是改后的一般疑问句要用动词原形。
DidI
Didyou visitthezoolastsunday?
Didhe(she)
Diditplayaballoon?
Didwe
Didyou visitthezoolastsunday?
Didthey
Didthey playaballoon?
一般过去时一般疑问句的肯定回答和否定回答。
DidIvisit?
Yes,youdid.
No,youdidn't. Didyouvisit?
Yes,Idid.
No,Ididn't. Did he(she,it)play?
Yes,he(she,it)did.
No, he(she,it)didn't.
Didwevisit?
Yes,we(you)did.
No,we(you)didn't. Didyouvisit?
Yes,wedid.
No,wedidn't. Didtheyplay?
Yes,theydid.
No,theydidn't. 5、行为动词现在现在进行时的陈述句、否定句、一般疑问句
(1)现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作。它的标志是助动词be(am,is,are),再加动词ing构成。提示语标志:look,now...助动词be表示“正在”。
(2)动词ing的构成
一般的动词结尾加ing Go
ask
play going
asking
playing
以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加ing write
close
take writing
closing
taking
以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,先双写最后一个辅音字母,再加ing stop
begin
put stopping
beginning
putting
(3)现在进行时的陈述句和否定句
Iam(not)
You are(not) visitingthezoo now.
He(She) is(not)
It is(not)playingaballoon.
We
You are(not)visitingthezoo now
They
Theyare(not)playingaballoon.
(4)现在进行时的一般疑问句及肯、否定回答。
AmIreadingabook?
Yes,youare.
No,youaren't. Areyoureadingabook?
Yes,Iam.
No,I'mnot. Ishe(she,it)playing?
Yes,he(she,it)is.
No,he(she,it)isn't.
Arewereadingabook?
Yes,we(you)are.
No,we(you)aren't. Areyoureadingabook?
Yes,weare.
No,wearen't. Aretheyplaying?
Yes,theyare.
No,theyaren't.
6、情态情态动词构成的陈述句、否定句、一般疑问句,提醒:情态动词后面的行为动词用原形。情态动词具体包括can,may,must,could,should,would等。
(1)情态动词构成的陈述句
Ican
YoucanspeakEnglish.
He(She) can
Wecan
YoucanspeakEnglish.
Theycan
(2)情态动词构成的否定句
Ican't
Youcan't speakEnglish.
He(She) can't
Wecan't
Youcan't speakEnglish.
Theycan't
(3)情态动词构成的一般疑问句
CanI
CanyouspeakEnglish?
Canhe(she)
Canwe
CanyouspeakEnglish?
Canthey
情态动词构成的一般疑问句及肯定回答和否定回答。
CanIspeak?
Yes,youcan.
No,youcan't. Canyouspeak?
Yes,Ican.
No,Ican't. Can he(she,it)speak?
Yes,he(she,it)can.
No, he(she,it)can't.
Canwespeak?
Yes,we(you)can.
No,we(you)can't. Canyouspeak?
Yes,wecan.
No,wecan't. Cantheyspeak?
Yes,theycan.
No,theycan't. 7、begoingto的句式。
(1)肯、否定句
Iam(not)
Youare(not)goingtovisitthezoo.
He(She) is(not)
Weare(not)
Youare(not) goingtovisitthezoo.
Theyare(not)
(2)一般疑问句及肯、否定回答
AmIgoing toplay ?
Yes,youare.
No,youaren't. Areyougoing toplay?
Yes,Iam.
No,I'mnot. Ishe(she,it)goingtoplay?
Yes,he(she,it)is.
No,he(she,it)isn't.
Arewegoing toplay?
Yes,we(you)are.
No,we(you)aren't. Areyougoing toplay?
Yes,weare.
No,wearen't. Aretheygoing toplay?
Yes,theyare.
No,theyaren't. 整理得很详细,举得例子也很好,很实用,谢谢了! 借用了,谢谢了! 借用了, 辛苦了,谢谢! 谢谢分享!!!!!!!!!!!!