名词 冠词 名词的功能:主语,补语、宾语 1. 名词种类 “单数/ 复数” I like dogs ①普通名词——book, pencil, dog, spaceship ②集合名词------ class, family, audience My family is large. My family are all early risers. ③专有名词--Bob, Smith, April, London (1.开头字母用大写 2. 前面不能加冠词 3. 没有单复数) 下面专有名词需要加定冠词the (1.国名及特殊组织前面加the ) the United States the United Nations ④物质名词:glass, wood, paper, butter, fruit 等。 数字+容器+of + 物质名词 A loaf of bread a cup of coffee a sheet of paper a spoonful of sugar A handful of sugar / sand an armful of wood ⑤抽象名词:beauty, honesty, love, patience, happiness, music 2. 名词的数:单数/ 复数:两个以上:复数 ①规则变化的复数名词---s (大部分名词) Dog -dogs (Z ) book--books (s) girl- girls (Z) boy --boys ②名词字尾 s sh ch x o ---es Class--classes (IZ) / bus-buses / dish---dishes / beach--beaches box--boxes 名词结尾: 辅音+o,复数加es, 读音(Z)Tomatoes, 特殊: Photos pianos ③名词字尾辅音+y 去y 为ies (Z) baby--babies/ story-stories / city-cities / lady-ladies ④名词字尾f/fe -- 去 f/fe 为 ves Leaf--leaves wife---wives knife--knives 特殊字: Handkerchiefs chiefs roofs ⑤名词字尾 en, ren ox---oxen / child-children (Bull Ox cow) Man --men / woman --women/ Goose---geese / tooth--teeth / mouse--mice ⑥单复数同形: fish, dear, sheep, Chinese, Japanese 3. 名词所有格 单数名词直接加’s, 复数名词’ The boy’s schoolbag A girls’ school 女校 these students’ teacher 复数名词字尾没有s, children’s playground women’s activities 共同所有格:名词+名词+名词’s 个别所有格:名词’s+名词’s+名词’s Harry and Bill’s father is a scientist Harry’s and Bill’s fathers are scientists.
|