（一）convert, conversion, convertible/ness;
(1) Before going to the States, he converted pounds into dollars. （兑换）
Coal can be converted into gas. /convert defeat to victory;
To convert this big house into four separate flats;
(2) John was converted to Buddhism.
Our explanation converted him to our point of view.
My students have converted me to pop music.
I have never succeeded converting my son to the pleasure of reading. （改营）
(3) Huge profits could explain the company’s conversion to war production;
the conversion of the English system into the metric system;
(4) Electricity is convertible into energy. A convertible sofa/coupe/currency;

（二）plague n./v.  plaguesome adj.
(1) the Great Plague (in 1665)
(2) a plague of rats/locusts/insects;
(3) Heavy traffic is really a plague to both drivers and cyclists.
The intellectually- disabled child is a plague of their life.  
(4) His life was plagued by poverty and illness.
She is always plagued with doubts and fears.
(5) avoid sth. as/like a plague; plague spot;

（三）justify, justification, un/justifiable/ness, justifiability;
(1) The pursuit of good ends does not justify the employment of bad means.
(2) How could you justify spending so much money?
(3) He is fully justified in leaving the matter at that.
(4) There is no justification for his rude behavior.
The end justifies the means. in justification of

（四）magnify, magnification;
(1) to magnify the picture; magnify his troubles;
(2) The importance of his remark has been magnified out of all proportion. （过分夸大）
(3) magnify oneself （自命不凡）against（轻视，盛气凌人）; magnifying glass;
(4) This microscope has a magnification of eight.

（五）pervade, pervading, pervasively/ness;
(1)The smell of coffee pervaded the office. (There was s smell of coffee pervading in the office.)
(2)The anti-government mood pervaded much of the country.
A spirit of hopelessness pervades the country.
(3) There was a pervasive uneasiness/odor; the pervasive influence of television;
(4) This is one of the most pervasive problems. The pervasive truth is…. .

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