1、祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、劝说、号召、警告等的句子。在祈使句中,通常省略第二人
称主语you,以动词原形开头。句末一般用句号;表示较强语气时,则用感叹号。
2、类型:
1、V型:动词原形 + 其他 E.g :Open the door.
2、Be型: Be + 形容词 E.g : Do be careful.
3、Let 型:Let sb + 其他 E.g :Let’s go to the playground.
4、No 型: No+ v-ing / n E.g :No parking!
有两种类型:
(1)一种是以动词原形开头,在动词原形之前加do
E.g: Take this seat. 坐这儿。 Do be careful. 务必小心。 否定结构是在句子签名加Don’t:
E.g: Don't move. 不要动。 Don't be late. 不要迟到。
(2)第二种祈使句以let开头。
E.g:1. Let's have another try, shall we / shan't we? = Shall we have another try? 我们再试一次如何?
2.Let us have another try,will you / won't you? = Will you please let us have another try? 你让我们再试一次,好吗?
否定结构在动词原形前加not:
E.g: Let's not talk of that matter. 不要谈这件事。
Let us not talk of that matter. 你不要让我们谈这件事。
3、Would you like...?是用来礼貌地询问对方的意愿,是否“想要……”或委婉地提出请求、建议或者陈述个人的想法。第一人称也可以用should like。should / would like与动词want同义,但语气比want更委婉,更礼貌。
在结构上有:
1. 后接名词或代词。
Would you like some bread? 你想要面包吗?
Would you like something to drink/eat? 你想要喝点/吃点什么吗?
2. 后接不定式,表示想要做某事。
Would you like to go with me? 你想和我一起去吗?
3. 后接不定式复合结构,表示想要某人做某事。
Would you like him to do the work?你想要他去做这项工作吗?
我们可以看出,如果你问别人要什么就用一般疑问句的句型“Would you like...?”或特殊疑问句的句型“What would you like...?”。 对于一般疑问句的肯定回答可以说“Yes, please.”,否定回答可以说“No, thanks.”;对于特殊疑问句的回答可以直接说出想要的东西,即:I'd like...当然,对Would you like...?句型的答语也是很灵活的,要根据说话人双方的不同语境而定。例如:
A) —Would you like another cup of tea? 你还要一杯茶吗?
—No, thanks. / Yes, please. 不,谢谢。/ 是的, 请来些吧。
B) —Would you like to go out for a walk? 你喜欢出去散步吗?
—Yes, I'd like to. 好吧,很高兴去。
C) — Would you like to have a party with me this evening? 今晚你能和我一起去参加一个晚会吗?— Sorry, I'm afraid not.对不起, 我恐怕不能去。