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牛津英语5A英语语法(二)名词复数的规则变化

alicemanpo 2010-9-3 13:16 [复制链接]
牛津英语5A英语语法(二)名词复数的规则变化

情况构成方法 读音 例词   
一般情况 加s 清辅音后读/s/
浊辅音后和元音后读/z/ map-maps
car-cars   
以s,sh,ch,x 等结尾 加es 读/iz/ box-boxes
class-classes   
以ce,se,ze 等结尾 加s 读/iz/ license-licenses   
以辅音字母+y 结尾 变y 为i 再加es 读/iz/ baby-babies  
二.其他复数的规则变化
1) 以y结尾的专有名词或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数。例如: the Henrys’ monkey---monkeys
2) 以o 结尾的名词,变复数时:
  a. 加s,如: photo---photos piano---pianos
  b. 加es,如:potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes
  c. 上述a和b两种方法均可,如zero---zeros / zeroes. 
3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时:
  a. 加s,如: belief---beliefs roof---roofs
  b. 去掉f,fe 加ves,如:half---halves knife---knives
  c. 上述a和b两种方法均可,如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves.
三.名词复数的不规则变化  
1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth注意::由一个词加 man 或 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women,如an Englishman,two Englishmen.但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans.
2)单复同形,如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese ,li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。
3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。例如:people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle, the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。
4) 以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,一般是不可数名词,为单数。b. news 为不可数名词。c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。
5) 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses trousers,clothes等,若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair;suit; a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。
6) 另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼. 
四.不可数名词对量的表示  
1)物质名词
  a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。
  比较:Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一种食物。 (不可数)
     These cakes are sweet. 这些蛋糕很好吃。 (可数)
  b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时,可数。例如:
   This factory produces steel. (不可数)
   We need various steels. (可数)
  c. 当物质名词表示份数时,可数。例如:
   Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。
   Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。
2) 抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如:
  four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations四个现代化
  物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量,如a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice 一则建议。
习题
1.Would you give me________, please?
 A.two papers  B.two piece of paper C.two pieces of paper  D.two pieces of papers
2.There are three_____and seven____in the picture.
 A.monkeys,sheeps B.monkeys,sheep C.monkies,sheep D.monkies,sheeps
3.A lot of____are talking with two_______.
 A.Germans,Frenchmans  B.Germen,Frenchmans  C.German, Frenchmen  D.Germans,Frenchmen
4.__________people went out to see what had happened.
 A. Thousands of  B.Three thousand of  C.Thousand of  D.Three thousands
5.We have been in the school for______.
 A.three and a half month B.three and a half months C.three month and a half D.three month and halves
6._____English is_____useful language.
 A. A, an  B. /, a  C. The, an  D. A , /
7.All the ______ in the hospital got a rise last month.
 A. women doctors  B. women doctor C. woman doctors  D. woman doctor
8.______ travels faster when the zip code is indicated on the envelope.
 A. A little mail  B. A piece of mail  C. A mail  D. A small mail
9. He told me _____ would come to his birthday party.
 A. many Jack friends  B. Jack’s many friends C. many Jack’s friend  D. many friends of Jack’s
10.Our teacher gave me ______.
 A. an advice B. the advice  C. some advice D. much advice
答案:1.C  2.B  3.D  4.A  5. B  6.B  7.A  8.B  9.D  10.C
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