【过去式的变化规则】
① 一般情况下,在动词原形后直接加ed。如:wanted,played。
② 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,直接加d。
如:hoped,lived, tasted。
③ 重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母,再加ed。
如:stopped,jogged, shopped
④ 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i,再加ed。
如:studied,worried, carry—carried, hurry—hurried, try--tried。
⑤ 有些动词不符合上面的规则,需要特殊记忆。不规则动词的过去式大体上归纳有以下8条:
1. 过去式与原形相同。如:put—put, let—let, cut—cut, read--read
2. 把d变成t。如:build—built, spend—spent
3. 部分以n结尾的词,在词后加t。如:mean—meant, learn—learnt
4. 部分以ow / aw结尾的词,把ow / aw变成ew。如:blow—blew, draw—drew, know—knew, grow—grew
5. 含有双写字母的词,将双写改为单写,在词尾加t。如:keep—kept, sleep—slept, feel—felt, smell—smelt,sweep-swept
6. 含有元音字母o / i的词,将o / i变成a。如:sing—sang, give—gave, sit—sat, drink—drank, ring-rang ,swim-swam, come-came,
7. 将i改成o。 如: ride-rode, drive-drove, write-wrote,
8. 非常不规则的:
am(is)-was, are-were, go-went, eat-ate,
buy-bought, catch-caught teach-taught think-thought
see-saw, meet-met stand-stood, tell-told,
take-took fly-flew, get-got do-did
speak-spoke, find-found, shall-should run- ran,
say-said, can-could, have-had,
以上所列不规则动词的过去式都要求掌握。
【规则动词过去式加“ed”后的发音规则】:
在浊辅音和元音后面 [d]
called borrowed
moved[mu:vd] enjoyed
welcomed answered
在清辅音后面 [t]
asked finished
helped [helpt]
passed [pa:st]
picked
在[t]音后面 [id]
wanted['wCntid] started['sta:tid] tasted
在[d]音后面[id]
needed ['ni:did]
清:/p//t//k//f//F/s//W//tF//ts//tr/
浊:/b//d//g//v//V//z//T//dV |
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